Directions: Rinse beans well to get dust off them. In a 4-quart pot, bring beans to a boil then turn the heat down to simmer. Cook for 3 to 4 hours. Do not add anything to beans while cooking. Cook beans until soft enough to mash. Carefully drain liquid from beans, leaving enough liquid to be even with the beans (not covering the beans but visible between the beans.) Add shortening to hot beans in pot and mash. Stir in salt to taste and serve. Note: Not enough liquid will make the beans pasty, too much liquid will result in runny beans.